She translated several of her father's works into Spanish. In 1957 his daughter married Alfonso Otero Varela (1925–2001), a Spanish law professor at the University of Santiago de Compostela and a member of the ruling Spanish Falange party in Francoist Spain. Schmitt was excommunicated because his first marriage had not been annulled. In 1926 he married his second wife, Duška Todorović (1903–1950), also Serbian they had a daughter, Anima. They were divorced, though an appeal to the Catholic Church for an annulment was rejected. In 1916, Schmitt married his first wife, Pavla Dorotić, a Croatian woman who pretended to be a countess. He then taught at various business schools and universities, namely the University of Greifswald (1921), the University of Bonn (1921), the Technische Universität München (1928), the University of Cologne (1933), and the University of Berlin (1933–45). The same year, he earned his habilitation at Strasbourg with a thesis under the title Der Wert des Staates und die Bedeutung des Einzelnen ( The Value of the State and the Significance of the Individual). Schmitt volunteered for the army in 1916. His 1910 doctoral thesis was titled Über Schuld und Schuldarten ( On Guilt and Types of Guilt).
He studied law at Berlin, Munich and Strasbourg and took his graduation and state examinations in then-German Strasbourg during 1915. His parents were Roman Catholics from the German Eifel region who had settled in Plettenberg. Schmitt was born in Plettenberg, Westphalia, German Empire.